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Author |
Gerland, S; Winther, J-G; Örbæk, JB; Ivanov, BV |
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Title |
Physical properties, spectral reflectance and thickness development of first year fast ice in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Polar Aspects of Global Change |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Pages |
275-282 |
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Keywords |
Fast ice; Ice properties; Reflectance; Ice thickness; Physical properties; PNE, Norway, Svalbard, Kongsfjorden |
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Abstract |
A ground truth study was performed on first year fast ice in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, during spring 1997 and 1998. The survey included sea ice thickness monitoring as well as observation of surface albedo, attenuation of optical radiation in the ice, physical properties and texture of snow and sea ice. The average total sea ice thickness in May was about 0.9 m, including a 0.2 m thick snow layer on top. Within a few weeks in both years, the snow melted almost completely, whereas the ice thickness decreased by not more than 0.05 m. During spring, the lower part of the snow refroze into a solid layer. The sea ice became more porous. Temperatures in the sea ice increased and the measurable salinity of the sea ice decreased with time. Due to snow cover thinning and snow grain growth, maximum surface albedo decreased from 0.96 to 0.74. Texture analysis on cores showed columnar ice with large crystals (max. crystal length > 0.1 m) below a 0.11 m thick mixed surface layer of granular ice with smaller crystals. In both years, we observed sea ice algae at the bottom part of the ice. This layer has a significant effect on the radiation transmissivity. |
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Address |
Norwegian Polar Institute, Polar Environmental Centre, N-9296 Tromsoe, Norway |
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Norsk Polarinstitutt |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Title |
Polar Research |
Abbreviated Series Title |
Polar Res |
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Series Volume |
18 |
Series Issue |
2 |
Edition |
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ISSN |
0800-0395 |
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Conference |
International Symposium on Polar Aspects of Global Change, Tromso (Norway), 24-28 Aug 1998 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ 726 |
Serial |
6 |
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Author |
Hobson, KA; Ambrose Jr, WG; Renaud, PE |
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Title |
Sources of primary production, benthic-pelagic coupling, and trophic relationships within the Northeast Water Polynya: Insights from δ13C and δ15N analysis |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mar Ecol Prog Ser |
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Volume |
128 |
Issue |
1-3 |
Pages |
1-10 |
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Keywords |
phytobenthos; polynyas; carbon 13; nitrogen isotopes; food webs; check lists; trophic structure; Algae; PNE, Greenland, Northeast Water Polynya |
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Abstract |
We used stable carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) isotope analysis to investigate linkages between sources of primary production and the pelagic and benthic components of the Northeast Water (NEW) Polynya off northeastern Greenland. Ice algae was enriched in 13C (mean δ13C = -18.6 vs -27.9 ppt) and 15N (mean δ15N = 8.3 vs 4.9 ppt) over particulate organic matter
(POM) suggesting that the relative importance of these sources might be traced isotopically. Most grazing crustaceans and filter-feeding bivalves had δ13C and δ15N values in the range of -21 to -23 ppt and 7 to 9 ppt, respectively, indicating a direct pathway from POM. Close benthic-pelagic coupling was also confirmed for other benthic organisms examined with the exception of the predatory or deposit feeding echinoderms Ophiocten, Ophiacantha and Pontaster. Compared with other Arctic and temperate marine food webs, stable-carbon isotope values for the NEW Polynya were depleted in 13C. A δ15N trophic model that incorporated taxon-specific isotopic fractionation factors indicated that the NEW Polynya consisted of 4.5 to 5 trophic levels. Stable-isotope analysis may be well suited to establishing the importance of polynyas as sites of high primary productivity and tight benthic-pelagic coupling relative to regions of more permanent ice cover. |
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Address |
Canadian Wildlife Service, 115 Perimeter Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada |
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Publisher |
Inter-Research |
Place of Publication |
Oldendorf/Luhe |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0171-8630 |
ISBN |
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Area |
Northeast Water Polynya; Northeast Greenland Shelf; Arctic |
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Notes |
Bibliogr.: 63 ref. |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ 133 |
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3 |
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Author |
Thomas, DN; Dieckmann, GS (eds) |
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Title |
Sea ice – an introduction to its physics, chemistry, biology and geology |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
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Pages |
402 pp |
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Keywords |
Sea Ice |
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Abstract |
Sea ice, which covers up to 7% of the planet's surface, is a major component of the world's oceans, partly driving ocean circulation and global climate patterns. It provides a habitat for a rich diversity of marine organisms, and is a valuable source of information in studies of global climate change and the evolution of present day life forms. Increasingly, sea ice is being used as a proxy for extraterrestrial ice covered systems.
Sea Ice provides a comprehensive review of our current available knowledge of polar pack ice, the study of which is severely constrained by the logistic difficulties of working in such harsh and remote regions of th
e earth. The book's editors, Drs Thomas and Dieckmann have drawn together an impressive group of international contributing authors, providing a well-edited and integrated volume, which will stand for many years as the standard work on the subject. Contents of the book include details of the growth, microstructure and properties of sea ice, large-scale variations in thickness and characteristics, its primary production, micro-and macrobiology, sea ice as a habitat for birds and mammals, sea ice biogeochemistry, particulate flux, and the distribution and significance of palaeo sea ice. |
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Address |
Thomas: School of Ocean Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, UK; Dieckmann: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany |
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Blackwell Science Ltd |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
Editor |
Thomas, DN; Dieckmann, GS |
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English |
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0-632-05808-0 |
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Notes |
40 Illustrations |
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yes |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ library-34/436/1 |
Serial |
7 |
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2019 |
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18 |
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21-28 |
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