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Author |
Gerland, S; Winther, J-G; Örbæk, JB; Ivanov, BV |
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Title |
Physical properties, spectral reflectance and thickness development of first year fast ice in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Polar Aspects of Global Change |
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Pages |
275-282 |
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Keywords |
Fast ice; Ice properties; Reflectance; Ice thickness; Physical properties; PNE, Norway, Svalbard, Kongsfjorden |
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Abstract |
A ground truth study was performed on first year fast ice in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, during spring 1997 and 1998. The survey included sea ice thickness monitoring as well as observation of surface albedo, attenuation of optical radiation in the ice, physical properties and texture of snow and sea ice. The average total sea ice thickness in May was about 0.9 m, including a 0.2 m thick snow layer on top. Within a few weeks in both years, the snow melted almost completely, whereas the ice thickness decreased by not more than 0.05 m. During spring, the lower part of the snow refroze into a solid layer. The sea ice became more porous. Temperatures in the sea ice increased and the measurable salinity of the sea ice decreased with time. Due to snow cover thinning and snow grain growth, maximum surface albedo decreased from 0.96 to 0.74. Texture analysis on cores showed columnar ice with large crystals (max. crystal length > 0.1 m) below a 0.11 m thick mixed surface layer of granular ice with smaller crystals. In both years, we observed sea ice algae at the bottom part of the ice. This layer has a significant effect on the radiation transmissivity. |
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Norwegian Polar Institute, Polar Environmental Centre, N-9296 Tromsoe, Norway |
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Norsk Polarinstitutt |
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English |
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English |
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Series Title |
Polar Research |
Abbreviated Series Title |
Polar Res |
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Series Volume |
18 |
Series Issue |
2 |
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ISSN |
0800-0395 |
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International Symposium on Polar Aspects of Global Change, Tromso (Norway), 24-28 Aug 1998 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ 726 |
Serial |
6 |
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Author |
Lohrmann, A; Cabrera, R; Kraus, NC |
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Title |
Acoustic-doppler velocimeter (ADV) for laboratory use |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Fundamentals and advancements in hydraulic measurements and experimentation. Proceedings, Hydraulic Division/ASCE, August 1994 |
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Pages |
351-365 |
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Keywords |
methods; flow; flume |
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English |
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Symposium on fundamentals and advancements in hydraulic measurements and experimentation |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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8 |
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Author |
de Castellvi, J (ed) |
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Title |
Actas des tercer symposium espanol de estudios Antarcticos. Gredos, 3 al 5 de octubre de 1989 |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1990 |
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Pages |
379 pp |
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Comision interministerial de Cienctia y Technologia |
Place of Publication |
Madrid |
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de Castellvi, J |
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Spanish |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ library-32/19/20 |
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9 |
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Author |
Hobson, KA; Ambrose Jr, WG; Renaud, PE |
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Title |
Sources of primary production, benthic-pelagic coupling, and trophic relationships within the Northeast Water Polynya: insights from δ13C and δ15N analysis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mar Ecol Prog Ser |
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Volume |
128 |
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Pages |
1-10 |
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Keywords |
ARK; Greenland; NEW; Polynya; Isotopes; 13C; 15N; Benthos; Food |
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Inter-Research |
Place of Publication |
Oldendorf/Luhe |
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English |
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English |
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ISSN |
0171-8630 |
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refbase @ user @ NEW Zonation(96) |
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10 |
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Author |
Schleser, GH; Jayasekera, R |
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Title |
δ13C-variations of leaves in forests as an indication of reassimilated CO2 from the soil |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oecologia |
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Volume |
65 |
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536-542 |
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Keywords |
soil respiration; photosynthesis; vascular plant |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ ms |
Serial |
11 |
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